Dna Forensics And The Human Genome - 2744 Words

Before the 1980s, courts relied on testimony and eyewitness accounts as a main source of evidence. Notoriously unreliable, these techniques have since faded away to the stunning reliability of DNA forensics. In 1984, British geneticist Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester discovered an interesting new marker in the human genome. Most DNA information is the same in every human, but the junk code between genes is unique to every person. Junk DNA used for investigative purposes can be found in blood, saliva, perspiration, sexual fluid, skin tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, and hair follicles (Phillips, 2008). By analyzing this junk code, Jeffreys found certain sequences of 10 to 100 base pairs repeated multiple times. These tandem repeats are also the same for all people, but the number of repetitions is highly variable. Before this discovery, a drop of blood at a crime scene could only reveal a person’s blood type, plus a few proteins unique to certain people. Now DNA f orensics can expose a person’s gender, race, susceptibility to diseases, and even propensity for high aggression or drug abuse (Phillips, 2008). More importantly, the certainty of DNA evidence is extremely powerful in court. Astounded at this technology’s almost perfect accuracy, the FBI changed the name of its Serology Unit to the DNA Analysis Unit in 1988 when they began accepting requests for DNA comparisons (Lewis, 1989). There are thirteen standard tandem repeats used in modern forensics, andShow MoreRelatedDna Forensics And The Human Genome2746 Words   |  11 Pages DNA Forensics Before the 1980s, courts relied on testimony and eyewitness accounts as a main source of evidence. Notoriously unreliable, these techniques have since faded away to the stunning reliability of DNA forensics. In 1984, British geneticist Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester discovered an interesting new marker in the human genome. Most DNA information is the same in every human, but the junk code between genes is unique to every person. Junk DNA used for investigative purposesRead MoreThe Human Genome Project1460 Words   |  6 PagesGene Essay Assignment: The Human Genome Project A genome is the complete DNA set of an organism. These DNA molecules are made up of two strands. Every strand is composed of four nucleotide bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Complementary strands are paired in certain ways. Cytosine always pairs with guanine and adenine always pairs with thymine. The human genome holds about 3 billion base pairs, found in the chromosomes. Each of the 46 chromosomes are composed of thousands of genesRead MoreThe Uses Of Dn Dna Fingerprinting1486 Words   |  6 PagesTran Mr. Tucker AP Biology 26 August 2015 The Uses of DNA: DNA Fingerprinting Sir Alec Jeffreys’ 1984 discovery of DNA fingerprinting in England has revolutionized the criminal justice system by enabling legal entities to determine innocence or guilt of a suspect to a much higher level of accuracy(Butler). This discovery has also provided the ability to identify victims of natural disasters or catastrophes like 911(Lippincott). Additionally, DNA testing or profiling, has helped doctors and researchersRead MoreNext Generation Sequencing Is The Method Of Determining The Order Of Nucleotides1362 Words   |  6 PagesGENERATION SEQUENCING Introduction DNA sequencing is the method of determining the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes the method that is used to determine the order of four bases -adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine in DNA. DNA sequencing has greatly accelerated research and discovery in biological and medical field. The first DNA sequence was obtained using two-dimensional chromatography, in the early 1970s by academic researchers which was laborious. Now DNA sequencing has become easier andRead MoreDr. Ketchum Processed All The Samples1053 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven the samples and ask to run a DNA profile. The origin of the DNA samples was withheld from the laboratories. # Laboratory Type of Testing Paid Blind Study Author ship 1 North Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory, Shreveport, LA Forensic DNA Extraction and DNA quantification No No Yes 2 DNA Diagnostics, Nacogdoches, Texas Forensic Extraction, Species Screening, Preliminary Species Sequencing and STR PP16 genotyping, mtDNA and nuDNA, testing known submitter (human) samples. No Yes No 3 SouthwesternRead MoreDna Biology : Forensic Science Essay958 Words   |  4 Pages1.1.1.1 Forensic DNA Biology: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has revolutionized forensic science. Of all the disciplines in forensic science, forensic biology has seen the most technological advances in the past thirty years. Forensic biology is a field of study that uses DNA to identify victims and to associate suspects and victims to crime scenes. The large forensic advantage of high copy number and the stability of the mtGenome is a direct consequence of the mitochondrion’s function and evolutionaryRead MoreThe Consequences Of DNA Investigation769 Words   |  4 PagesBecause of the occurring variation in the DNA molecule from one person to another, the sequence of the fragments forms a pattern. Using an in front of approach called match/ binning, they first decide whether there is a match between the lengths of DNA fragments from the suspects and crime samples. . If it match they determine a match of percentage. The molecule is found in every living cell in the body, carries the genetic information that makes one individual separate and distinct from every otherRead MoreHuman Genome Project Essay examples504 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Genome Project The Human Genome Project is an international project basically sponsored by the U.S Government. It started in October 1990 with an aim to sequence the entire human genome. The complete set of information present in the form of the genes in an organism forms its genome. Each human being has 23 pairs of chromosomes having DNA double helix in each. The Human Genome Project is a worldwide research effort with the goal of analyzing the structure of humanRead MoreEssay on The Human Genome Project1437 Words   |  6 Pagesdeeply in our body is the complex biological story. The Human Genome Project is the exploration of this intricate yet crucial storyline. The Genome is a complete set of genes that make up an organism. Genes are made up of DNA (deoxynucleic acid) which subsequently is made up of long paired strands. These paired strands attach in a specific manner, for example, Adenine (A) attaches itself to Thymine (T) and Cytosine(C) to Guanine (G). The genome is the perplexing key in instructing cells to do theirRead MoreMaintaining National Dna Database Case Study1120 Words   |  5 PagesMaintaining National DNA Databases: Struggle between Necessity and Ethic SNEHA SINGH1 1Advocate, Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Email – ssnehassingh1989@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION DNA is an acronym, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. Every cell in an individual’s body, with the exception of red blood cells and eggs or sperm, contains the full genetic program for that individual in its DNA. The human genome, which consists of about 3 billion base pairs, harbours genetically relevant

Julius Caesar s Influence On The Roman Republic - 2031 Words

One of the most famous roman emperors was the almighty Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar had a critical and excellent impact on the Roman Empire. Although Julius Caesar’s reign on the empire was not long it was very effective. We all know Julius Caesar as an effective, powerful, and proficient ruler. In this document I will explain how Julius Caesar possess the ability to change the Roman Republic for the course of the future. I will talk about what traits of leadership Julius Caesar showed in his conquests, how the Julius Caesar fought to the dictator of Rome, and what happened to the Roman Republic and the people when he was assassinated. Let’s start at the beginning young Julius Caesar’s life. Julius Caesar, born in Rome in July 100 BC,†¦show more content†¦From that point on words Julius Caesar finally endured hardship, tension, and responsibility. His young life of lavish comfortable living have finally come to an end. Julius Caesar was born into a famil y of aristocrats, â€Å"he was an aristocrat by birth and by nature: two things that are far from synonymous† (Bradford 6). Julius Caesar had a mature mind at such an early age, â€Å"Julius Caesar want to restore to his family the glory and leadership position that his family story says his ancestors once had† (Julius Caesar). As was mostly due to the facts that his family were as well as they should have been, that his father passed away, and that Rome was under chaos. It wasn’t so Julius Caesar became a young adult, that it was sent off to Spain to fight an opposing attack on the Roman Republic. There he showed excellent leadership, remarkable courage, and an outstanding military mindset. During the battle â€Å"it is here that he shows the dynamic leadership and charisma that when markets later life† (Julius Caesar). Being able to hold his own, with his own soldiers fighting by his side, Julius Caesar also shows that he is a very good warrior as well. â€Å"And it is here as well that Caesar’s military reputation begins to build† (Julius Caesar). Julius Caesar is soon became very interested into the political world. He often thought of running for consul of the Roman Republic. I feel as if Julius Caesar had

Long Term Objectives of Apple free essay sample

Customer Related objectives †¢Launch new innovative products to keep the loyal customers intact, build new customer base and gain competitive advantage over the competitors. †¢Develop strategic approach to grow market share in emerging markets like India. In India apple I phone is still ranked after android supported phones. Internal Business Processes objectives †¢Develop ethical suppliers for its products: Unlike Foxconn (the current supplier of I phone), which usually suffers with labor unrest due to ill and unethical working conditions.In long run Apple should aim at replacing Foxconn with a better and ethical supplier because having associated with such supplier can tarnish the image of Apple and can send wrong signals to shareholders and stake holders. †¢Develop Research and Development department to identify future product innovation and development opportunities. Learning Growth (Employees) objectives †¢Reduce employee rate of attrition at middle to top management level to the industry average of 15%: Talent retention is a most important job in the fast moving technology industry where every day there is new company being fo rmed and sold for billions USD. We will write a custom essay sample on Long Term Objectives of Apple or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The success for any company lies within the skill of human resource it has. Thus, it very important to retain the talents at middle to top level management which are involved in strategic decision making and confidential product research. †¢Employees on and above middle level management having more than five years of employment (with 4 star performance rating) at Apple computers to be willfully sent to top ranked law schools to study law and then work as patent attorney (with salary hike and other incentive) at Apple to fight against various patent issues arising (Samsung being the very latest).